News
September 15, 2026
Effective construction and demolition waste recycling: results from the S3 project
The S3 results demonstrate the practical potential of recycled concrete and provide a basis for its wider use in Ukraine’s reconstruction
Regularly ensure no new buildings or trees are casting shadows
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Regularly check the energy output to identify any issues
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Have a professional periodically inspect and service the system
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Be cautious not to put stress on the panels
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Prevent birds, rodents, and insects from nesting under panels
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Follow all guidelines to maintain the warranty validity
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More than 9,000 tonnes of construction and demolition waste have been processed in Kyiv region as part of the S3 project. Over two years, partners from Ukraine, the UK and the Netherlands explored how concrete from damaged and destroyed buildings can be safely processed and returned to the construction cycle.
The team worked across every stage of the process – analysing the composition and environmental safety of the waste, processing the concrete, separating it into fractions and testing the resulting materials. The aim was not simply to produce recycled aggregate, but to identify ways of using concrete waste as a raw material for new construction products.
“We wanted to show that construction and demolition waste can be processed and reused in construction,” says Kostyantyn Patsaliuk, Director of Eco+Logic.
The S3 team paid particular attention to the finest fraction produced when concrete is crushed. Researchers tested its use in cement and concrete mixes, as a mineral additive in dry construction mixes, and in the production of foam concrete and pressed products.
“We wanted to go beyond using concrete waste as a low-value material and find ways to increase the value of this resource,” explains Natalia Lushnikova, Guest Researcher in Circular Building Materials at Eindhoven University of Technology.
The solutions were tested not only in the laboratory but also in pilot production. The project produced dry construction mixes and around 20 m² of paving slabs using recycled concrete particles. Tests showed that recycled material could replace around 43% of the aggregate.
“We achieved the same strength as in the control samples made without recycled aggregate,” says Oleksii Hunyak, Associate Professor at Lviv Polytechnic National University.
These materials could play an important role in Ukraine’s reconstruction, which will require large volumes of construction materials. Reusing concrete can reduce both the amount of waste and the need to extract virgin raw materials.
Scaling up these solutions, however, will require more than technological progress. Key barriers include regulations and standards, logistics, and the readiness of manufacturers, designers and clients to work with secondary materials.
“Updating building standards and regulations could encourage the wider use of secondary materials in construction,” emphasises Roman Puchko, CEO of ReThink.
Practical guidance for architects and engineers on using recycled materials in reconstruction projects is another area for further work. The materials produced through S3 are already supporting new research and development. In the Rubble2Tile project, for example, they were used to produce paving slabs for the grounds of a future art therapy centre for veterans at the UNBROKEN campus in Lviv.
The S3 results demonstrate the practical potential of recycled concrete and provide a basis for its wider use in Ukraine’s reconstruction.
More than 9,000 tonnes of construction and demolition waste have been processed in Kyiv region as part of the S3 project. Over two years, partners from Ukraine, the UK and the Netherlands explored how concrete from damaged and destroyed buildings can be safely processed and returned to the construction cycle.
The team worked across every stage of the process – analysing the composition and environmental safety of the waste, processing the concrete, separating it into fractions and testing the resulting materials. The aim was not simply to produce recycled aggregate, but to identify ways of using concrete waste as a raw material for new construction products.
“We wanted to show that construction and demolition waste can be processed and reused in construction,” says Kostyantyn Patsaliuk, Director of Eco+Logic.
The S3 team paid particular attention to the finest fraction produced when concrete is crushed. Researchers tested its use in cement and concrete mixes, as a mineral additive in dry construction mixes, and in the production of foam concrete and pressed products.
“We wanted to go beyond using concrete waste as a low-value material and find ways to increase the value of this resource,” explains Natalia Lushnikova, Guest Researcher in Circular Building Materials at Eindhoven University of Technology.
The solutions were tested not only in the laboratory but also in pilot production. The project produced dry construction mixes and around 20 m² of paving slabs using recycled concrete particles. Tests showed that recycled material could replace around 43% of the aggregate.
“We achieved the same strength as in the control samples made without recycled aggregate,” says Oleksii Hunyak, Associate Professor at Lviv Polytechnic National University.
These materials could play an important role in Ukraine’s reconstruction, which will require large volumes of construction materials. Reusing concrete can reduce both the amount of waste and the need to extract virgin raw materials.
Scaling up these solutions, however, will require more than technological progress. Key barriers include regulations and standards, logistics, and the readiness of manufacturers, designers and clients to work with secondary materials.
“Updating building standards and regulations could encourage the wider use of secondary materials in construction,” emphasises Roman Puchko, CEO of ReThink.
Practical guidance for architects and engineers on using recycled materials in reconstruction projects is another area for further work. The materials produced through S3 are already supporting new research and development. In the Rubble2Tile project, for example, they were used to produce paving slabs for the grounds of a future art therapy centre for veterans at the UNBROKEN campus in Lviv.
The S3 results demonstrate the practical potential of recycled concrete and provide a basis for its wider use in Ukraine’s reconstruction.
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